The grapes we use for wine, bar a few exceptions, come from the Vitis Vinifera family. You could spend all day listing them, but the likes of Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Chardonnay and Riesling are all from this species of grape.

Cultivated on every continent on Earth, except for Antarctica, its origins stretch from Europe to south-west Asia, but unlike Phylloxera, it’s managed to find its way to Chile, where it’s made a home for itself.

In the final of our Month of Chile blog series, we take a glance at Chile’s top grape varieties, consisting of four whites and five reds, with an approximation of area under vine for each.

Sauvignon Blanc (8,862 hectares planted)

Zesty is the key word for this varietal, with cool-climate areas such as Casablanca, San Antonio, Coastal Aconcagua, or Limarí making highly aromatic examples, recalling citrus fruits, green apple, crisp pear, and/or zingy pineapple with a refreshing green-grassy aroma and perhaps a stony, steely mineral edge.

Chardonnay (8,733 hectares planted)

This grape has proven its mettle in the cool climate areas, where it takes on a very attractive mineral edge. Smooth and well-rounded with moderate acidity and reminiscent of tropical fruits by nature, it takes kindly to a bit of oak ageing and even barrel fermenting for additional complexity.

Viognier (309 hectares planted)

This lush white from the French Rhone Valley is Syrah’s sister grape and one of the few white grapes that grows well in warmer climates. Its wines are rich and aromatic with pronounced notes of apricot and peach, often coupled with floral notes of orange blossom and honey.

Riesling (305 hectares planted)

As new cool-climate zones are opened, Chilean growers are taking a renewed interest in this German-born grape. Riesling here produces wines with a fuller body and slightly more alcohol than its European forbears, but it keeps a fresh, fruity, spicy character that makes it very appealing for a number of spicy dishes.

Carménère (7,284 hectares planted)

Chile’s own signature grape, this red varietal disappeared from European vineyards in the mid-19th century and reappeared among Chile’s Merlot vines a hundred years later. Rich in berry fruits and spice, with smooth, well-rounded tannins, making this a very pleasing and easy to drink varietal. Read more here.

Cabernet Sauvignon (40,766 hectares planted)

Although it grows in all but the coldest of Chilean climates, this late-ripening grape truly flourishes in vineyards in Aconcagua, Maipo, Cachapoal, and Colchagua, where the warm, dry climate allows it to ripen thoroughly and develop aromas and flavours of rich red fruit, blackcurrant and fig.

Merlot (13,283 hectares planted)

This major Bordeaux red grape landed in South America in the mid-19th century, but didn’t become a truly popular option from Chile until the early 1990s. “Chilean Merlot”, as is the popular term, has a unique spicy, green-peppery characteristic. Fruity with a soft texture, it’s very versatile with it comes to food.

Shiraz (3,513 hectares planted)

Depending on where it is grown, this richly pigmented red grape yields inky purplish-red wines that vary greatly in style. In warmer climates the wines are often big, lusty, juicy delights that take centre stage wherever they appear. In cooler climates they turn sublimely spicy and complex.

Pinot Noir (1,413 hectares planted)

A relatively new discovery in the Chilean line-up, the growing number of cool climate vineyards provide just the right conditions for this finicky darling to develop and delight the growing number of Pinot fans around the world. Watch out for the cool climate areas such as Casablanca, San Antonio and Bío Bío.

The final day of our Chilean sale is Wednesday 31st March provided stocks last. 20% off all marked prices (discounted at checkout)

Content provided with the assistance of winesofchile.org

As the most deadly pest in the history of viticulture tore through most of the wine-making world causing widespread destruction to grape vines in the late 1800′s, how is it that the long nation of Chile has remained relatively unaffected to this day?

Continuing our focus on Chile for the month of March, we look at what makes Chile the world’s most suitable natural environment for growing wine grapes, how it benefited from its natural barriers and a benevolent Mediterranean climate, and why such a large proportion of Chilean wine reaching us today is bio-dynamic without the producer having to lift a finger.

In most parts of the world, the organic production of wine can be quite labour intensive and there’s a lot of thought that goes into making a vineyard bio-dynamic, and the final product organic for that matter. For some areas, it’s simply not viable to omit the use of industrial pesticides, such is the nature of the environment. So what makes Chile so different?

Climate

Chile’s climate is highly influenced by the cooling effect of the Pacific Ocean and the Humboldt Current that begins in the icy waters near Antarctica and flows up the western coast of South America. When the effect of the Humboldt’s cold current hits Chile’s northern coastline it produces clouds and fog, but little or no precipitation, which then contributes to making the Atacama Desert the driest on Earth.

Geography

The cool sea air is partially blocked by the Coastal Mountains, although it finds its way inland by following the course of the transversal river valleys. During the day, sea breezes carried by the cold Humboldt Current penetrate inland, and each night, cold air descends from the snow covered peaks of the Andes.

Chile’s geographic barriers – the Atacama Desert to the north, the Andes Mountains to the east, the Patagonian ice fields to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west – make it a veritable agricultural island. Together they help maintain healthy conditions and protect vineyards against pests and disease.

Soil & Terroir

With so much geographic variety, the Chilean landscape also offers a vast mosaic of terroirs and soil types. Soils are healthy, well-drained, and have a variety of origins (alluvial, colluvial, fluvial, etc.) and textures (loam, clay, sand, silt). Despite the relatively dry atmospheric conditions, abundant water for irrigation flows from the ice caps of the Andes Mountains that tower all along Chile’s eastern border.

Altitude

In recent years, more and more vineyards creep closer and higher to the peaks, where the sun is slow to appear over the eastern peaks and makes up for its late arrival with the intensity that comes with altitude. Currents of wind climb and descend over the course of the day to create a daily pendulum of temperatures that swings broadly between daytime highs and night time lows. This is just what rich red grapes, such as Cabernet Sauvignon, thrive on.

Not long, but wide

Curiously, it’s not the distance from the equator that plays the dominant role in the diversity of Chile’s grape growing exploits, but rather the proximity to the Pacific Ocean or the Andes Mountains. Chile has much greater diversity in soils and climates from east to west than from north to south.

Both Santa Alicia and Tabali farm very close to organic. Although not certified, Sierra Grande produces wine from organically grown grapes. 20% off all Chilean wines for the month of March (discounted at checkout).

Educational material courtesy of winesofchile.org

You didn’t just think it was the Old World who focused on the significance of region, did you? Those people who are in any way observant will notice that most wines will be labelled with specific regions or sub-regions.

Of the New World countries, it is probably Australia who is currently investing the most time and money into educating the consumer on the importance of regional identification. It’s important because wine from one region to the next can be vastly different, even if it is the same grape being used. You can catch up on Australia’s evolving story in our regional heroes series.

Chile is another New World country to realise the importance of regional identity. If anything, it has the most diverse terroir in the world. After all, we are talking about a country 2,700 miles from top to bottom, which, needless to say, allows it to have an incredibly varied climate, ranging from the world’s driest desert (the Atacama) in the north, to a Mediterranean climate in the centre, and a rainy temperate climate in the south. It is getting almost the whole mix of the southern hemisphere climate.

There are four key regions in Chile – Coquimbo, Aconcagua, Central Valley (Valle Central) and the most southerly region simply known as the Southern Regions or Southern Chile. Each has sub-regions and some have zones within those sub-regions. The bulk of Chilean wines are regional, hence wines labelled “Central Valley”, with no other distinction of origin, have grapes sourced from growers throughout several different parts of the region. They are brought together to be processed and bottled in one location, which may even be outside of Chile. A lot of the less expensive wines are made in facilities in Chile and then bottled in Europe or the USA to save on transport costs.

The most productive region is Central Valley, with the sub-regions of Maipo, Curicó, Maule and Rapel. Rapel Valley consists of two zones called Cachapoal and Colchagua. Just across the Andes is Argentina’s Mendoza wine region. Maipo and Rapel are well known for their Cabernet Sauvignon, with Curicó getting a name for its Chardonnay.

The sub-region of Casablanca, within Aconcagua, is a cooler climate area, producing some fantastic Pinot Noir and Chardonnay, but perhaps the most fascinating sub-region for me is Limarí Valley, part of Coquimbo, which is the most northerly wine region. Next door to the driest place on Earth, it produces some real blockbusters, the best of which still have the minerality, elegance and poise of the worlds finest wines. To find out more about the promised land of Limarí, click here.

If you’re tempted to indulge, look up Santa Alicia’s Maipo Cabernet Sauvignon and Tabalí’s Especial powerhouse red blend from Limarí Valley. There’s 20% off all Chilean wines for the month of March (prices discounted at checkout).

Thanks to winesofchile.org. Picture of the Guanacos courtesy of Santa Alicia.

Clandestine parcels aside, this month’s all about Chile, so our April contest needed a related theme. Our first thought was a big pot of Mum’s chilli con carne but transport and keeping it warm was always going to be an issue (ok, really bad play on words in any case!).

Thankfully, with the unusually long and chilly winter we’ve been having (ok, we really have to stop now with the cheesy puns), our good friends in Santa Alicia sent us over a couple of Chilean ponchos to keep us warm in the Curious Wines warehouse. You could prise Matt’s from his cold dead hands but, preferring to keep him alive and warm, we’ve put the other one up for this month’s contest, along with a couple of bottles of our favourite Chileans’ finest.

(It’s not Mum’s chilli, but it’s a good second best.)

How to Enter: All you have to do to enter the contest is join (or already be a member of) our monthly newsletter. We’ll draw a winner at random in April when our next newsletter goes out. You are of course completely welcome to un-join the minute after the draw is done, but we like giving discounts, special deals and free stuff to our members, so we hope you’ll stick around!

Congratulations to Aoife Porter, winner of our March contest! Prizes on the way to you Aoife.

The month of Spain has been and gone, but it’s a close cousin in the limelight for the month of March, with a generous 20% off all the wines of Chile.

Top 10 or so random facts about Chile and her glorious wine

1. Chile’s population is heading on an estimated 17 million. They speak Spanish and their currency is Chilean pesos.

2. More than 4,300 km long and an average of just 177 km wide, the country is rich in geographic and climatic diversity rarely found in a single country.

3. Their principal exports are fish, paper, copper, fruit, pulp… oh, and wine.

4. Chile claims about 1,250,000 square kilometres of Antarctica, although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.

5. One of Chile’s founding fathers was Bernardo O’Higgins Riquelme. He was of Irish descent, with his father being born in Sligo. There is a plaque in his honour in Merrion Square, Dublin, and in the Garavogue River Walkway in Sligo.

6. Wine grape vines arrived in the 1500s with the Spanish missionaries who needed wine to celebrate the Catholic mass (around 80% of the population are now Catholic).

7. Chile’s signature grape is Carménère, which was thought to be Merlot until the mid-1990′s. It was brought over from Bordeaux, before Phylloxera had hit the region. It is now in the safe hands of the Chileans, and boy, are they making good use of it.

8. The Atacama desert is the driest place on earth. Lying just south of it is Limarí Valley, where some of Chile’s most exciting and concentrated wines are being nurtured.

9. Chile uses less pesticides in the vineyard than any other wine producing nation. As a result, many of the wines are organic, despite not being certified organic.

10. For reasons that have never fully been understood, Chile remains Phylloxera-free to this day.

Thanks to winesofchile.org for some of the fab content. Click here to view our sale on Chilean wines.

‘A paradise for wine growers and wine lovers’, glowed David Gonzalez, head wine-maker at Santa Alicia, when we asked him last month about Chile.

We mightn’t be qualified to comment on the growing bit but one thing’s for certain, Irish wine-lovers love Chile, and so do we. So much so, we’ve knocked 20% off every bottle in March!

Highlights include 2007 Chilean Winery of the Year Santa Alicia, now only €7.75 for the Reserva range, our budget-friendly organic Sierra Grande down to €6.63, and the premium Tabali from €9.59.

And, if you want a whistle-stop tour in a box, our Case of the Month is A Taste of Chile, 12 of our favourites with a stonking €31.88 in savings.

James Halliday’s Australian Wine Companion has rated Langmeil Winery five stars for the last five years running, placing it amongst the very top echelon of Australian Wineries. More than that, Langmeil are sitting on a bit of Australian wine heritage – a three and a half acre vineyard that was planted in 1843 called “The Freedom”, believed to be the oldest Shiraz vines in Australia, and possibly the world.

You can save €6 when you buy two of the Village series, and €10 when you buy two of the Old Vine Garden series, including the limited availability 1843 Freedom.

Finally, if it’s good quaffing with a taste of sunshine you’re after, look no further than our Californian corner where we’ve got 2 for €15 on Fish Eye and Winston Hill.

Offers will run until 31st March or, as ever, while stocks last.